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Maurice Duverger (5 June 1917 – 16 December 2014) was a French jurist, sociologist and politician. He was born in Angoulême, Charente. Starting his career as a jurist at the University of Bordeaux, Duverger became more and more involved in political science and in 1948 founded one of the first faculties for political science in Bordeaux, France. An emeritus professor of the Sorbonne and member of the FNSP, he has published many books and articles in newspapers, such as ''Corriere della Sera'', ''la Repubblica'', ''El País'', and especially ''Le Monde''. Duverger has studied the evolution of political systems and the institutions that operate in diverse countries, showing a preference for empirical methods of investigation rather than philosophical reasoning. He devised a theory which became known as Duverger's law, which identifies a correlation between a first-past-the-post election system and the formation of a two-party system. While analysing the political system of France, he coined the term semi-presidential system. From 1989 until 1994 he was a member of the Group of the Party of European Socialists in the European Parliament. In 1981 he was elected a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He died at the age of 97 on 16 December 2014.〔http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/12/22/maurice-duverger-professeur-de-droit-et-de-sciences-politiques-journaliste-et-editeur_4544800_3382.html〕 ==Career== A member of Doriot's fascist Parti Populaire Français from age 20, Maurice Duverger completed his studies in from the Bordeaux Department of Law in 1942, before lecturing in law at Poitiers in 1942, and Bordeaux in 1943 (where he would, in 1948, found the Institut d'Études Politiques as its first director). He also taught at Vichy France's Institut d'Études Corporatives et Sociales. In his first publication, "The Constitutions of France" (1944), he explained that the French constitution of 1940 created a "de facto government". However, towards the end of the war, Duverger grew close to the Resistance, and in ''Libération'' analyzed the legitimacy of the new government of France and devoted himself to social-scientific theory. After the War, he taught in the faculty of law and economic sciences in Paris, 1955 to 1985, and contributed to ''Libération'' and ''Le Monde''. From 1989 to 1994, he sat in the European Parliament as an MEP for the Italian Communist Party. In 1946 he expanded his theses, with a special interest in the relation between electoral systems and party systems. This interest is at the heart of his most important publication: "The Political Parties" (1951). The work is one of the classics of party research, translated into several languages. That thesis led to Duverger's law, and later he coined the term "semi-presidentialism". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maurice Duverger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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